The workshop building was originally built in 1885 and cost the government $1,013.78. The 136 foot by 24 foot structure housed the blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, paint shop, tanner and wheelwright shop. All of these shops provided the means to keeping the horses and mules shod and the supply wagons in working order.

Although the original structure has been torn down, excavations of the grounds by Washington State University in conjunction with the National Park Service revealed many important artifacts. The archaeological work that they did fills in some of the blanks in the historical record.

Some of the artifacts that they uncovered were a large number of fastening devices such as square cut nails, various nuts and bolts, fragments of broken glass from windows, beer bottles and medicine bottles, horse shoes, mule shoes and ox shoes, as well as metal parts from wagons, stoves, watches and other assorted hardware. From this we know that men at the fort used a variety of patent medicines, that the army went through a lot of horse shoes, the types of metal working that they did, and that they drank a lot of beer.

The preliminary excavation, done in 1963 was the start of Fort Spokane's renovation and reopening as a site to be interpreted and presented to the public as a historic, scenic, and recreational site.

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What you see in front of you is where the barracks would have stood. While the ground floor was used to contain the kitchen, mess hall, wash room, library and non-commissioned officer's rooms, the upper floor was devoted to the enlisted men's sleeping quarters.

In 1898 with the beginning of the Spanish-American War and the "Indian problem" well in hand;, the majority of troops stationed at Fort Spokane were dispatched to help deal with the international crisis. Only a small number of men stayed at Fort Spokane for the next year and by April of 1899 all supplies had been moved.

Upon its abandonment from military personnel the Fort was taken over by the Colville Indian Agency, headed by Major A. M. Anderson who saw it as the perfect place for an Indian Boarding School. The Fort had ample space to accommodate personnel and students, superb water and sewage systems and sufficient grounds to teach agriculture and industry to the students. The Boarding School opened its doors on April 2, 1900 and at one point housed up to 229 students.

The idea behind Indian Boarding Schools was that the children would benefit from learning skills that would help them integrate into the white population. It was the general consensus among the white government agencies, at the time that this was far superior to the education that they would have received at home. As Capt. Richard H. Pratt said on the education of Native Americans, the cruel philosophy was, "Kill the Indian, and Save the Man."

In 1909 John M. Webster converted the Boarding School to a Sanitarium for tuberculosis patients because of the low attendance rate. This was caused by the establishment of several day schools from 1906-1908 that allowed the majority of parents to keep their children at home.

For more (including 6 images and 1 sound clip), view the original article.

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